About Internet

vv Internet: The Internet is what we call a meta network that is a network of networks that span the globe.

Various applications protocols operate over TCP (transmission Control Protocol) /IP (Internet protocol) such as

ð   SMTP (Simple Message Transfer Protocol-E-mail).

ð  HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol-Web).

ð  IRC (-Chat).

ð  FTP (File Transfer Protocol-File transfer) etc.

vv Protocol: A protocol is a set of rules defining communication between systems.

vv WWW: The World Wide Web is the universe of network –accessible information the embodiment of human being.

ð  NREN (National Research & Education Network.)

ð  IP (Internet Protocol).

ð  LAN (Local Area Network).

ð  URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

ð  DHTML (Dynamic Hypertext Markup language)

ð  HTML(Hypertext Markup Language)

vv IGF (Internet Governance Forum): On 16-November 2005, the World Summit on the Information Society held in Tunis established the Internet Governance Forum (IGF) to discuss Internet-related issues.

ð  MUA (Mail User Agent).

ð  SMTP (Simple Message Transfer Protocol).

ð  ISP (Internet Service Provider).

ð  MTA (Message Transfer Agent).

ð  MDA (Message Delivery Agent).

ð  IMAP4 (Internet Access Protocol).

ð  POP (Post Office Protocol).

ð  IMAP (Internet Message Access protocol).

ð  SSL (Secure Socket Layer)

¯Popular email-clients include Microsoft Outlook, Pegasus Mail, Mozilla’s Thunderbird, and Apple inc.’s Mail.

vv Web Design: Web Design is the process of planning &creating a website. Text, images, digital media & interactive elements are shaped by the web designer to produce the page seen on the web browser.

vv Cross browser:  Cross-browser refers to the ability for a website, web application, HTML construct or client-side script to support all the web browsers. The term cross-browser is often confused with multi-browser.

Cross-browser capability allows a website or web application to be property rendered by all browsers.

vv User Interface Design (UID): User Interface Design (UID) or User Interface Engineering is the design of computers, appliances, machines, mobile communication devices, software applications and websites with the focus on the users experience and interaction.

Five mainly Processes of User Interface Design (UID):

ð  User analysis.

ð  Information Architecture.

ð  Prototyping.

ð  Usability testing.

ð  Graphic Interface design (GUI).

vv Website Architecture:  Website Architecture is a term used for the intellectual discipline of organizing website content.”Web design”, by of contrast, describes the practical tasks, part-graphic and part-technical, of designing and publishing a website.

vv Web development: Web development is a broad term for the work involved in developing a website for the Internet (World Wide Web) or an intranet (a private network). This can include web designing, web content development, client liaison, client-side/server-side scripting, web server and network security configuration, & e-commerce development.

¯Typical Areas:

ð  Client Side Coding.

ð  Server Side Coding.

ð  Database Coding.

vv Client Side Programming: Client Side Scripting generally refers to the class of computer programs on the web  that are executed client-side , by the user’s web-browser, instead of server-side(on the web server).This type of computer programming part of the Dynamic HTML(DHTL) concept, enabling web pages to be scripted.

¯Language used for Client Side Programming:

ð  JavaScript

ð  JQuery

ð  Ajax

ð  HTML5

vv Server Side Programming:

Language used for Client Side Programming:

ð  ASP(Microsoft proprietary)

ð  ColdFusion (Adobe proprietary, formerly Micromedia).

ð  Java

ð  Perl (All open source)

ð  PHP (Open Source)

ð  Python (Web framework)

ð  Ruby

ð  .NET

vv Web Crawling: A web crawler is a computer program that browses the World Wide Web in a methodical automated manner or in an orderly fashion. Others terms for Web Crawlers are ants, automatic indexers, bots, web spiders, & Web robots etc. Web crawlers are mainly used to create a copy of all the visited pages later processing by a search engine that will index the downloaded pages to provide fast searches. Crawlers can also be used for automating maintenance tasks on a web site. Also, Crawlers can also be used to gather specific types of information from web pages, such as harvesting e-mail addresses.

vv Internet Security: Internet Security is a branch of computer security specifically related to the internet. Its objectives are to establish rules & measures to use against attacks over the internet.

ð  TLS (Transport Layer Security).

ð  PGP (Pretty Good Privacy).

ð  SSL (Secured Socket Layer).

ð  IPsec Protocol.

Malicious software & antivirus:

ð  Malware.

ð  Viruses.

ð  Trojan horse.

ð  Spyware.

ð  Worms &

ð  Botnet.

vv Antivirus: A type of software that is used to prevent, detect, & remove malware, including but not limited to computer viruses, computer worm, Trojan horses, spyware & adware.

vv Phishing: Phishing is a way of attempting to acquire sensitive information such as username, passwords & credit card details by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication.

Phishing is typically carried out by e-mail spoofing or instant messaging.

vv HTTP Cookies: A cookie, also known as an HTTP cookie, web cookie, or browser cookie, is used for an origin website to send sate information to a user’s browser and for the browser to return the state information to the origin site.

Cookies are not software. They cannot be programmed, cannot carry viruses, & cannot install malware on the host computer. Cookies can also be stolen by hackers to gain access to a victim’s web account.